Planning and Controlling - 3630 Words

LESSON 8 PRODUCTION PLANNING AND CONTROL Abha Kumar STRUCTURE 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 Introduction Objectives Production management Product design Design of production system 8.4.1 Types of production system 8.5 Manufacturing process 8.5.1 Types of manufacturing process 8.5.2 Factors affecting the choice of manufacturing process 8.6 Production planning and control 8.6.1 Benefits to small entrepreneur 8.6.2 Steps of production planning and control 8.7 Summary 8.8 Glossary 8.9 Self-Assessment Questions 8.10 Further Readings 8.0 INTRODUCTION After taking decisions about the type of business, its location, layout etc. the entrepreneur steps into the shoe of production manager and attempts to apply managerial principles to the production†¦show more content†¦It is also known as mass flow production or assembly line production. This system ensures less work in process inventory and high product quality but involves large investment in machinery and equipment. The system is suitable in 116 plants involving large volume and small variety of output e.g. oil refineries reform cement manufacturing etc. (b) Job or Unit production: - It involves production as per customers specification each batch or order consists of a small lot of identical products and is different from other batches. The system requires comparatively smaller investment in machines and equipment. It is flexible and can be adapted to changes in product design and order size without much inconvenience. This system is most suitable where heterogeneous products are produced against specific orders. (c) Intermittent Production: Under this system the goods are produced partly for inventory and partly for customers orders. E.g. components are made for inventory but they are combined differently for different customers. . Automobile plants, printing presses, electrical goods plant are examples of this type of manufacturing. 8.5 MANUFACTURING PROCESS The nature of theShow MoreRelatedplanning and controlling1118 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿PLANNING To establish and operate an effective organization, all managers perform several major functions or activities. These functions enable managers to create a positive work environment and   to provide the opportunities and incentives. The key   management functions include   -Planning -Organizing -Directing   -Controlling. Each of these functions are critical to the success of any manager and organizations. The primary function of the four is PLANNING. Planning is the processRead MorePlanning, Leading, And Controlling1859 Words   |  8 Pagescategorized into the four major functions of planning, organizing, leading, and controlling. Before making a biblical approach of these functions I would like to talk a little bit about them. According to the book, planning is defined as the management function of systematically making decisions about the goals and activities that an individual, a group, a work unit, or the overall organization will pursue (p. 13). I would like to add to this definition that planning involves determining a course of actionRead MoreBudgeting, Planning, And Controlling Management1404 Words   |  6 Pagesbudget is a detailed plan that states how resources will be acquired and used. The budget records the events that occurs before they occur. Budgeting and accounting both involve planning, allotting and distributing financial resources. Budgeting involves more planning and preparing a financial blueprint, but, these planning depend on the accounting of past and current year expenses and profits. The accounting system focuses on documenting and interpreting each financial transaction. After the budgetRead MoreProject Planning Tools And Controlling958 Words   |  4 PagesProject Planning To ols and Controlling Budgeting, Scheduling, Resource Loading and Leveling Any project cannot be based on ROI because there are many aspects that can affect the cost management (PMI, 2013, pg. 198). All sources are part of a project planning guideline using a risk management system to control planned and unplanned events. Before anything can be done in a project a budget must be established. A budget is part of a cost management tool. Each project is not to prolong the processRead MoreEssay on Management Planning and Controlling661 Words   |  3 Pagesincentives to employees, they may not be feasible due to lack of Return On Investments, ROI. (Bemba et al., 2009) Some of the indirect potential control costs may include the preparation of action reports, lengthy budgeting processes, and time-consuming planning actions. The control costs would be feasible in a non-profit organization and given the nature of Bellagio Casino and Resort organizational business, the MCS would not be appropriate in this case. References Askew, D. (2011). Management ControlRead MoreFunctions Of Management : Planning, Directing And Controlling Essay933 Words   |  4 Pagesefficient and effective manner. The aim of this paper is to discuss the four main functions of management: Planning, Organizing, Directing and controlling. a. Planning - This is the first management function and it is just about the most important area of all the four functions of management. This is the core foundation of management from which other management functions are derived and built. Planning requires the management of an organization to do a thorough evaluation of the current state of the companyRead MorePlanning Organizing Leading and Controlling Essay1593 Words   |  7 PagesThis paper will discuss four management functions: planning, organizing, leading, and controlling. All of these functions are what every good manager does whether he/she knows it. All of these functions have the same importance and work cohesively. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the importance of these four functions and how they can improve ones management skills and the role each function has in management. Planning is the beginning of any function, whether it is car design, cateringRead MoreWalmart: Planning and Controlling the Supply Chain1471 Words   |  6 PagesPlanning and Controlling the Supply Chain Introduction Wal-Mart is a retail giant that operates many stores around the world. Its resound market success has a basis on low prices and one stop shopping for a wide variety of goods in their superstores and discount centers. Over the years Wal-Mart has become the worlds largest and arguably the most powerful retailer with the highest sales per square foot, inventory turnover and operating profit of any discount retailer. The organization owesRead MorePlanning, Organising, Leading, Controlling in an Organisation5773 Words   |  24 Pages1.0 Introduction This paper elaborates the different management aspects practiced at Ceylon Tobacco Company (CTC) and DHL Keells. The facets discussed in detail will be Planning, Organising, Leading and Controlling. The key strengths and weaknesses of both organisations are identified and discussed on how it touches the internal and the external factors affecting their core business. The organisation’s Vision, Mission, Critical Successful Factors are deliberated in order to come up with specificRead MoreExamples of Planning, Organizing, Leading, and Controlling711 Words   |  3 PagesPart One: Planning FedEx (2011) Behind the scenes look at FedEx distribution and sorting process in Memphis. (3:20) BMWs Aging Assembly Line Runs Like New (2010) Richard Roth reports on BMWs work force that is not only getting older but is also getting better with a little help from some innovative footwear. (4:20) Donuts To Dollars (2009) Segment covers the expansion of Tim Hortons to the U.S. market and the challenges of a Canadian company entering the market with a focus on the competition

Laizzez faire Free Essays

Corporations are creatures of the State and therefore must be watched closely by the citizenry to their repetitions to disrupt the Smithson spontaneous order. These axioms constitute the basic elements of laissez-fairer thought, although another basic antidote-disregarded element Is that markets should be competitive, a rule that the early advocates buffaloes-faller have always emphasized Liberal Government introduce social welfare reforms in the early twentieth century In the late 19th century the British government practiced the principle of laissez- fairer. Laissez fairer means the business market are free from tariffs, government subsidies and enforced monopolies [2]. We will write a custom essay sample on Laizzez faire or any similar topic only for you Order Now Under the principle of Laissez fairer, government only provides simple maintenance of law and order, protect property rights against theft and aggression with regulations [3]. Individuals were responsible for their own decisions, to protect and improve their own lives and welfare. [l] After the general election in 1906, the Liberal welfare reform was introduced between 1906 to 1914, changing the attitude and policies towards the poverty. The liberal reforms for children are, free school meals, school medical inspections, Children ‘s charter act and school clinic. The old age pensions act, labor exchange for the unemployed and national insurance for workers were also carried out eventually within this period of time. [l] The attitude towards the working class shifted from individuality to a more aggregate way . The Liberal reforms changed the economy, politic and social circumstances[l] ,and lead Britain to a more well structuralizes and strong country. The reasons of the reforms were, changes in attitude, the Boer War, social reform, political changes and the fear of being overtaken. [4] The Ideology of Laissez fairer had assumed how a society should work , free trade, redeem of making a decision in the late 19th century before the liberal social reforms being introduce. The role of government was to make sure and guarantee the freedom of the citizens and market. They provided military forces to regulate the property rights and exchange between parties. 4] The principle Idea Is to allow citizens from greatest possible freedom. The central idea of this ideology was based on self-help, government was not responsible for the poverty and hardship for their citizens[l] Instead the citizens†¦ How does Social Darwinism reinforce Laissez-fairer? 1 OFF f good breeding you will not succeed, if you are, you will. Well, much like pre- destination, if you already know what is going to happen, what’s the point of being good, improvin g yourself, etc. In that case, let the good times roll! Answer Usually the point is put differently. Social Darwinist oppose welfare (and if really extreme, even charity) on the grounds that it allegedly interferes with the functioning of the ‘laws of natural selection’ and the ‘survival of the fittest’; they argue that any system other than laissez fairer will result in the unfit (who, they say, should simply perish) Redding like rabbits and so forth. In other words, they fall back on laissez fairer as a system that they are willing to accept. Some very extreme Social Darwinist would prefer to accelerate natural selection by artificial means as happened under the Nazis. Jounce Answer to break this down, the strongest will survive in free trade (this is the easy way to say it). If you have an unstable economy and no central gobo. You will fail and will not be able to participate in free-trade (Laissez-fair) Characteristics of Laissez-fairer related to social welfare 1 . Leadership Style Characteristics Emphasis on Performance Low emphasis on performance. Emphasis on People Low emphasis on people. DEAD RESHIP STYLE 2. Leadership Philosophy Assumptions about people People are unpredictable and trying to understand them is a waste of time. Assumptions about the role of a leader Keep a low profile, be obedient, and don’t make waves. 3. Management Skills Planning and Setting Objectives Plans and establishes objectives only if required to do so. Organizing Lives with whatever structure he is given. Controlling Abdicates controlling to employees. Decision Making Motivating Leaves people alone. Nothing seems to work anyway. Communicating Communication is non-committal, superficial, and avoided. Developing Leaves development up to employees. If people want to develop themselves, that is their business. Use of Reward and Punishment Avoids rewarding or punishing people. Approach to Handling Conflicts Ignores conflicts and hopes they will disappear. Approach to Handling Problems and Mistakes Ignores problems and mistakes unless forced to deal with them. Interpersonal Relationships with Employees Avoids close relationships and lets employees do pretty much as they please. Use of Power and Authority Power and authority are abdicated to whomever wants to assume them. Delegation Practices Responsibilities are assumed by default rather than through delegation. Benefits of Laissez-fairer Leadership Laissez-fairer leaders allow followers to have complete freedom to make discountenancing the completion of their work. The laissez-fairer leader using guided freedom provides the followers with all indiscriminateness to accomplish their goals, but does not directly participate in decision meaningfulness the followers request their assistance. Laissez-fairer leadership instills a higher sense of responsibility among team embers. This form of leadership exposes team members to tough business situations, helping them gain more experience and grow faster. Rearwards larger picture. This form of leadership can boost the commitment of team members to achieve the desegregated. Drawbacks of Laissez-fairer Leadership Laissez-fairer leadership may be the best or the worst of leadership styles. If the leader follows temporally understood definition and standard practice of noninterference and â€Å"hands-off’ wonderfully leading his or her followers, the worst form of leadership is manifested. However,when the twenty-first century ropey prepares his or her followers, laissez-fairer lithographer’s as the ultimate form of leading. If team members do not have adequate experience or the required skills, the achievement targets may be at great risk. Important decisions that need to be taken at short notice can go horribly wrong. If people are not self-driven and disciplined, laissez-fairer leadership can lead to a great dealer inefficiency. The team may become prone to repeating mistakes and may fail to get out of problems eyeteeth encounter during a project. Team members may get off track and may not prioritize correctly. Scenarios Where Laissez-fairer Leadership can Work This is an effective style to use when: The prerequisite for laissez-fairer leadership is having a strong leader, with a proven trajectory of success. Followers are highly skilled, experienced, and educated. Followers are able to analyze the situation. Followers have pride in their work and the drive to do it successfully on their own. Outside experts, such as staff specialists or consultants are being used. Followers are trustworthy and experienced. When close monitoring of a decision is not needed. Conclusions In this project we studied about laissez-fairer leadership in detail. Almost all the components affiliates-fairer leaderships has been discussed briefly. We can conclude from this study that Tallahassee-fairer leadership can be productive as well as destructive because everything depends phone situation of the crisis or condition. In those cases where subordinates are sophisticated, skillfulness experienced this style emerges with great innovative future perspective. Whereas in commences where subordinates are novice, denominated and with poor morale this Tyler causes greatcoats destroying the whole organization and leadership. Laissez- fairer should not be misstatement the empowerment of the employees in some organizations it could be true but it really deposition the behavior of leadership whether he is showing inactivity for the sake of his aloofness endlessness or he is trying to provide innovative environment to his skilled employee. Although theater numerous research studies on the topic to prove which leadership is best but we are not certainty but the best leadership style occurs which matches the situation How to cite Laizzez faire, Papers

Customers Believes more on Online Reviews†MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Customers Believes more on Online Reviews. Answer: Introduction Marketing is one of the foundations where consumers are paying attention to, till to date. Therefore, the strategies used in marketing aims at informing the customers to get the interest of the products and services despite the company's name or the product itself. Business advertising is a component that a company uses to make the consumers aware of the actual goods and services and convince them by demonstrating new uses of the products (?t, and Onur Ta?, 2012 p.203). Consumers believe more in online reviews and base the focus on it as a new technology concept. Here, is a view of consumer market more, so an Attica fine dining restaurant found in Melbourne Australia opened by Dr. David Maccora. The restaurant focuses on the food service, all cocktails as well as other leisure activities like gym, swimming pool and table tennis game competition. The text aids at checking the believe of the customers towards online reviews. Analysis Discussion Interpretation and Analysis Online reviewing is an advertisement feature where the creator of the website or the company pays the reviewer to review the companys product. Through new technological aspect such as the internet accessibility, such as in the Attica restaurant, potential customers are able to know about the existing company products or services. The market strategies used are consumer market advertising and online reviews, and the appropriate element is used to boost products and services sale to potential consumers. As a matter of fact, word of mouth and internet is very critical for Attica restaurants as customers spread the information about their holiday and dining experiences to friends as well as the family members. Clients in the restaurant may take a photo using smartphones and tablets immediately share it with friends via Facebook and Instagram. According to (Goldfarb and Tucker, (2011, p.398) the online views have enabled the customers to make direct advertisement when a photo is shared on the web for all to see and make a different opinion. After the other friends view the picture on the internet, not deleted, but it remains there for years to demonstrate enough experience in a particular restaurant. The review is paramount as its influence on consumer decision about dining as more than one-third of the clients has positive reports concerning the restaurant, and therefore more visitors tends to choose it. Young adult between the ages of 25 to 55 indicates a positive image concerning dining services. The adult group has many characteristics that make them successful in the marketing. The feature is that; well educated, regular visit whether for holidays or research purpose and this makes them develop and show positive online review. Company advertising does not reach too many individuals as it only focuses on the main marketing tips and does not involve the clients to be the main selling strategies (Sotiriadis, and Van Zyl, 2013, p.116) Effectiveness of Online Reviews over Company Advertising The online sale is believed to be cheaper than the general company purchase program as is does not require printing the brochures and other booklets used in sharing out company's products and services to customers. For this reason, the use of internet has increased business transaction boosting competitive level over the other similar business. Direct sale of company services and the product has also reduced the money spend during advertising, and the money can be used to develop and improve facilities within the restaurant. In printing and distributing the booklets to different advertising locations require money and above all time is wasted. The use of emails has made communication easier since the manager and clients are directly engaged in the business transaction, and therefore immediate feedback is portrayed, and this results in customer satisfaction. Once the visitor is satisfied, he is likely to portray a good image about your services through his comments towards the kind of services (Goldfarb, and Tucker, 2011, p.395). Similarly, booking made via email and other internet websites, and this has made it possible for the customer to understand the kind of service offered for example in accommodation, a client may need special room due to body challenges. Company advertisement includes pictures taken from the facility, but its disadvantage is that no direct feedback was given or answers to questions that may arise. Feedback on hospitality services is crucial as it enhances the customer satisfaction and this yields more business growth and expansion. Information on the online sale program can be adjusted and updated when changes need be unlike the advertising companies use to market their services to the frequent and new customers. Restaurant's websites updated when a facility modified or advance, contrary to the printed copies which become wastes when its expiring date reached (Rahman, et al., 2013, p.615). Consumers always look for services that meet their expectation and if they are not satisfied then dislike the service, and they don't return to the restaurant again. More importantly, the internet reviews show that the customers look for previous comments towards that specific restaurant and when the experience is good it leads to the more incoming visitor and hence competitive level. Short moving images clips may otherwise be taken and displayed on various websites and it automatically open doors for visitors who become curious to see and learn more experiences. The clips posted, and people download and share it with friends and family members who later shows the interest. It is important to understand the information contained in the clips helps the organization team to interact with clients in service of the products directly. Company advertising lacks that element of direct interaction as these booklets are the secondary source of information (Karakaya, and Ganim Barnes, 2010, p.453). Impacts and Possible Recommendations of Internet Reviews on Brands Search engine marketing entails advertising on Google or the Yahoo and pays a commission for every client who clicks on the advertising link when making the reservation. This method has enabled the company to make some extra income that is used to develop and improve restaurant facilities. Through tenancies, the marketing where some part of the website rented to other interested groups under a commission that they give to the restaurant and other related organization benefits. The use of internet has become a primary consumption source of information, and mainly it has replaced the old media such as radio, television and the newspapers. The key benefit of the use of internet where the online advertising mass availability, and it always has access to the current information which is not outdated. As a result of this characteristic public has developed a positive reaction and therefore they use the new technological element to get access to customers who are meant to visit a restaurant facility and thus a marketing tool (Lee, et al., 2011, p.194). Having consumer behavior data for marketing the organization can save on the cost by accessing the details directly from the clients through the use of emails and capturing their preference for total satisfaction. Repeat clients are paramount in any organization, and therefore companies should strive to recognize such customers by providing immediate feedback for example in the case of bookings and other reservation activities (Jelinek, and Brown, 2011, p.4). Marketing managers usually spend huge budget in communicating with the potential customers about their products. Therefore, to be effective, it is necessary for the marketer team to have the best understanding to ensure information is received and processed well for decision making. Clients receive information concerning organization products through the formal communication channel on media that persuade customers through the marketing tools such as brochures, sales promotion, and the internet. Specific Conclusions It is important that the organization integrate its communication to the clients not only for advertising purpose but also a positive way in which customers perceives the company. The marketing mix is a planned tool that ensures that all elements of customer satisfaction joined, and the adjustment made that satisfy customer's needs (Vivek, et al., 2012, p.132). In a restaurant concept the services offered there are intangible and thus are not seen or even heard, and hence the customer has to consume it to experience the entire service. To achieve satisfaction to the customers, the challenge has to be overcome by providing a tangible evidence in term of recorded video and pictures posted on the website, Facebook, Instagram and other social media devices. Finally, the new technology is a factor that has led to many business developments for example in hospitality, transport and other businesses related activities amongst current generation unlike the use of old advertisement. References Goldfarb, A. and Tucker, C., 2011. Online display advertising: Targeting and Obtrusiveness. Marketing Science, 30(3), pp.389-404. Jelinek, G.A. and Brown, A.F., 2011. A stand against drug company advertising. Emergency Medicine Australasia, 23(1), pp.4-6. Karakaya, F. and Ganim Barnes, N., 2010. The impact of online reviews of customer care experience on brand or company selection. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 27(5), pp.447-457. Lee, J., Park, D.H. and Han, I., 2011. The different effects of online consumer reviews on consumers' purchase intentions depending on trust in online shopping malls: An advertising perspective. Internet Research, 21(2), pp.187-206. ?t, H. and Onur Ta?, B.K., 2012. The influence of internet customer reviews on the online sales and prices in the hotel industry. The Service Industries Journal, 32(2), pp.197-214. Rahman, A., Fatin, N., Shyuan, L.K., Mohamad, A.B. and Kadhum, A.A.H., 2013. Review on biopolymer membranes for fuel cell applications. In Applied Mechanics and Materials (Vol. 291, pp. 614-617). Trans Tech Publications. Sparks, B.A. and Browning, V., 2011. The impact of online reviews on hotel booking intentions and perception of trust. Tourism Management, 32(6), pp.1310-1323. Sotiriadis, M.D. and Van Zyl, C., 2013. Electronic word-of-mouth and online reviews in travel services: the use of Twitter by tourists. Electronic Commerce Research, 13(1), pp.103-124. Vivek, S.D., Beatty, S.E. and Morgan, R.M., 2012. Customer engagement: Exploring customer relationships beyond purchase. Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice, 20(2), pp.122-146. Xie, H.J., Miao, L., Kuo, P.J. and Lee, B.Y., 2011. Consumers' responses to ambivalent online hotel reviews: The role of perceived source credibility and pre-decisional disposition. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 30(1), pp.178-183.